Life expectancy in Lesotho declined from 59 years in 1990 to 43 years in 2005, driven by the severe impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, which overwhelmed the healthcare system and drastically increased mortality rates. Recovery began in the late 2000s with international aid and expanded access to antiretroviral treatments, leading to a gradual rise to 55 years by 2020. Despite progress, life expectancy has plateaued at 53 years in recent years, reflecting ongoing public health challenges.
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